Tooth decay rates in 12-year-olds in Wales fall, but challenges remain

Public Health Wales has welcomed new findings from the NHS Wales Dental Epidemiological Programme, which reveal a marked reduction in tooth decay rates among 12-year-olds.

However, the report highlights persistent inequalities and a concerning level of untreated dental issues.

The latest survey, conducted in 203 state-maintained schools during the 2023/24 academic year, examined 6,329 children in Year 7 (aged 12).

It found that the prevalence of tooth decay – defined as the percentage of children with decayed, missing, or filled teeth – has dropped from 31% in 2016/17 to 25.3%.

This is the lowest rate recorded in recent years.

Severity of tooth decay has also decreased, with children now having, on average, half a decayed tooth compared to previous levels.

However, for those already affected by tooth decay, the average number of diseased teeth remains at two, unchanged since 2016.

Challenges persist

Despite these improvements, nearly 30% of children reported that oral health issues negatively impacted their quality of life, with pain cited as the most common complaint.

Inequalities remain a significant challenge, as children from more deprived areas continue to face higher rates of decay compared to their peers in less deprived areas.

The report does note some long-term progress, with improved figures in deprived communities compared to data from 2008/09.

However, disparities in oral health outcomes remain a pressing concern for health officials.

Calls for action

Paul Brocklehurst, Consultant in Dental Public Health at Public Health Wales, described the findings as both encouraging and a reminder of the work still needed.

“These findings are a positive step forward, showing a clear decline in the prevalence and severity of tooth decay among 12-year-olds in Wales. However, the data also highlights that untreated tooth decay has become more common and that children from deprived areas continue to experience significantly higher levels of the disease,” he said.

Mr Brocklehurst emphasised the importance of prevention: “Good oral health starts with simple measures such as a diet low in sugar and regular tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste. It’s vital that we continue working with schools, families, and communities to address inequalities and ensure children across Wales have the best possible start in life.”

The findings underline the need for collaborative efforts to improve oral health.

Mr Brocklehurst stressed that education, preventive care, and support from families, schools, and dental professionals are essential to maintaining progress.

The survey’s findings are detailed in the “Picture of Oral Health 2024” report, published by the Welsh Oral Health Information Unit at Cardiff University.